UNI, Lucknow, 24 Jan 2005
The mystery of the hundreds of skeletons in the Roopkund lake has begun to unravel with a few of the DNA samples matching with those of a particular group of people living in Maharashtra.The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad director, Dr Lalji Singh, talking to UNI, said the centre had conducted studies on the DNA of 31 samples of bone and muscle taken out from a relatively well-preserved body and several skeletons found in a frozen state at Roopkund lake in Chamoli district of Uttaranchal.
“They are about 1,500 years old as per the reports of accelerated mass spectrophotometric analysis while three samples have unique mutations in the mitochondrial DNA which are not found anywhere in the world but only in a particular group of people from Maharashtra who migrated to India from outside a long time ago,” he said.
This proves that the three samples were of the people who were migrants to India, who were either on a pilgrimage in the Himalayas from Maharashtra or some migrants from outside India still living in that region, he said.
The director said since these three samples had the same mutations, they would have probably been people of the same family. His ancient DNA laboratory is the first such facility set up in the country to study old DNA samples.
The lab was studying populations of Nainital and Garhwal in Uttaranchal and in Himachal Pradesh to find out similarities in the DNA. In the meantime, a group of experts working on the project, would be sent to the snow-bound Roopkund region to collect more samples for further analysis.
The CCMB initiated the study a year ago of the DNA samples from the Roopkund — popularly known as the mystery lake or skeleton lake — after the department of biotechnology and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research sanctioned the three-year project to the CCMB to find out the truth behind the hundreds of skeletons spread over the lake, situated in the Himalayas.
Dr Singh said, “There had been conjectures regarding the skeletons. Some people thought they were remains of the warriors of two kings who were killed in a battle in Roopkund.”
Some believe that they were the remains of a king’s entourage on way to a pilgrimage. They perhaps got stuck in adverse weather and perished. Another possibility was that these were devotees on way to Nanda Devi who got buried in an avalanche, he added.
A group of archaeologists, led by Dr Walimbe from Pune, was sent to Roopkund. The team collected 31 samples of bones and muscles which were used to isolate the DNA in the ancient DNA laboratory of CCMB at Hyderabad, specially set up under controlled conditions to study ancient DNA samples.
“The archaeological and anthropological findings of these samples also revealed that some of these people were very tall, over six feet in height and also possessed an extra bone in the skull joint which is rarely found in the Indian populace.”
“Besides, their skulls had holes indicating an injury before getting buried alive in snow,” he explained.
“Moreover, since some of the skeletons were of women and children, the first conjecture is ruled out. Those were in most probability pilgrims,” Dr Singh said.
He said another two samples’ analysis matched with some people living in Garhwal even as further studies on all the 31 samples were still on to find out more accurate facts.
Incidentally, the lake, situated at an altitude of 5,029 metres above the sea level in the eastern part of Chamoli district, attracted interest after some skeletons were found in the region way back in 1942 by a forest ranger.
Roopkund is situated on the Nanda Jat route to Hemkund and its depth is only about 2 metres. The area remains snow-clad throughout the year. When the snow melts for a couple of weeks in summers, the skeletons are visible and the experts go there to collect bone and muscle samples.
Dr Singh said the DNA in these skeletons was properly preserved since they were lying in such cold region and in some skeletons even the muscles were intact. Because DNA was well preserved, it has been possible to amplify and sequence complete mitochondrial DNA in eleven samples.
The CCMB had carried out forensic tests in many high-profile cases including the Rajiv Gandhi assassination case, Naina Sahni tandoor murder case and Swami Premananda case.
News Source: http://www.navhindtimes.com